black body radiation experiment pdf to jpg

Consequently, through the fission of “heavy” nuclei, energy can be obtained. Usually, through the fission (breaking/disintegration) of nuclei heavier than iron, more energy than is necessary to maintain the cohesion of the newly formed (lighter) nuclei is released. Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction or a process of radioactive decay, after which the atomic nucleus splits into lighter nuclei. Einstein’s equation and the nuclear fission The nuclei of all other elements “break” more easily. In other words, for these two elements, the greatest amount of energy must be consumed for breaking the nucleus. It is mentioned that iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) are the chemical elements which have the highest breaking energies of the nucleus.

Two of the most representative examples of these types of transformations are the production of energy by nuclear fission (the break of element nuclei), respectively, and by nuclear fusion (the recombination and joint of element nuclei).īoth processes are accompanied by matter conversions into high amounts of energy.įusion is even the energy source of the stars, of which category the Sun belongs.īoth the fission and the fusion are characterized by the breakage of some types of bonds, existing initially at the level of the nuclei and the construction of other types of bonds, in the new nuclei formed as a result of these processes. Through various processes, the high amount of energy contained in the atoms (especially in the nuclei) can be released and used for various purposes, and as a result of these processes, the matter which is used as an “energy source” is significantly transformed. The law of information preservation was enunciated by biologist Peter Medawar in his work The Limits of Science, in 1984. This process can also be correlated with the so-called “information preservation” principle, which in a simplified way shows that evolutionary processes cannot create the information required to generate biological evolution. The above relationship could be associated with the beginning of the universe and, at least on an empirical level, can support the theory of the appearance of matter in the universe, when after the original explosion (called the “Big Bang”), an enormous amount of energy was transformed into matter. In 1921 he was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics. He was a university professor at Berlin and Princeton, and he is the author of the theory of relativity and one of the brightest scientists of mankind. He immigrated in 1933 to the USA, being naturalized as an American citizen in 1940. Where E is the energy m is the mass c is the speed of light.Īlbert Einstein was a theoretical physicist of Jewish ethnicity, which was born in Germany, stateless since 1896 and later Swiss citizen, in 1899. The goal of the study is to investigate the connections between the fission, fusion, and solar energy through Einstein’s equation.

It can be even considered that the matter itself is a “condensed” form of energy and that energy is stored in the atoms and molecules of which matter is composed. Sometimes the literature considers that the energy is involved in all processes that require any kind of change or conversion, being responsible for the production of those changes. The notion of energy is much more complex being obviously associated with other systems besides the physical ones, namely, biological and chemical systems, etc.

However, these definitions refer only to the production or conversion of mechanical work or heat, but these represent only two of the many forms of existing energy. Occasionally it is mentioned in the definition of energy, the capacity of a physical system to produce heat, as well. The energy, as defined in the literature, as well as on numerous websites, in various languages of international circulation, is the ability of a physical system to produce mechanical work. The energy is a form of a manifestation of matter in motion, the widely used definition of which is that the energy of a system is its capacity to perform mechanical work, when it passes from an existing state to a reference state.

Black body radiation experiment pdf to jpg